Distributed computing systems consist of numerous configurations, including but not limited to personal computers, workstations, minicomputers, and mainframes. Distributed computing combines the capabilities of these configurations so that the entire network operates as a single, powerful computing system. In a distributed computing model, hardware and software components are shared among all computers connected to a network to increase performance and efficiency.
A narrow definition of distributed computing limits its scope to components and programs that are shared by computing systems connected via a local area network. However, broader definitions describe such a system as one that includes tasks and programs shared by multiple computers located in the same room or on the other side of the world.
A distributed computing system has numerous advantages over a centralized one. Rapid scalability is one of them, as more components can be added to the network whenever there is a need for more capacity. Redundancy is another advantage of a distributed system. Another set on the same network can replace the computing power of any particular set of components that experience downtime.
Another valuable proposition offered by distributed computing solutions is that they may not be vendor dependent. Such a system can run on hardware from many vendors. In addition, software components based on different standards can be compatible with the same distributed system. The system works independently of the underlying software, such as operating systems and communication protocols.
Businesses use distributed computing systems to improve the efficiency of their computer networks. For example, a typical 3-tier distribution model involves the user interface being handled on employee endpoints, business processes being executed on a remote computer, and database processes being executed on a centralized computer system that is accessed by numerous remote computers.